oncogenesis proliferation apoptosis senescence shape s phase DNA nucleotide-excision repair death RNA localization transformation proteolysis G2 phase embryogenesis response to DNA damage differentiation axis meiosis motility conjugation G1-S transition pathogenesis DNA damage recognition fate regulation of signal transduction G0' relaxation assemble cell survival quiescence accumulation catabolism drug resistance immunoreactivity embryonic development mitogenesis amplify maturation g1 phase stability distribution protein degradation secretion mitosis propagate angiogenesis RNA processing DNA damage checkpoint gene silencing focal contact immortality damage remodeling depolymerize sensitized invasion metabolism growth rate contraction DNA methylation G0 - G1 transition g2-m transition mRNA splicing CDKN2A TP53 predisposition MDM2